how to make glass

Pipe to the molten glass

As in the above diagram                                 

Pour a bit of limestone which is also called gypsum         

And a larger amount of soda found in the shops a lot

And a larger amount of sand, which is is the essential ingredient for glass

Then the mixture is heated to temperatures of up to 850 ° C

As in the shape where they can receive the combination    of iron pipe

And bloating when you head to get the swelling glass

Or receiving a template is ready and blowing it out of the air .

important Information:
First: The sand is the basic material because it contains a substance which is a silica glass
Second: the temperature of crystallization of silica 1700 ° C Drjo a very high temperature
Therefore, subject to 10% of limestone and 15% of soda
To reduce the temperature necessary for the crystallization of silica to 850 ° C
Thirdly: For stained glass is the result of the addition of some chemicals during the melting
To obtain a green glass with chrome insert
For added cobalt blue glass, and so on .

making glass

We can define the glass that means physically harsh in the case of cooling over, does not have a specific melting point and clear. And is of high viscosity to prevent it from gelling.

The chemical: it is the reaction product of inorganic oxides and non-volatile compounds resulting from the dissolution of alkali metals and alkaline earth with sand and Altazjaj know if it is contrary to crystallization, we can consider the glass full article Altazjaj.

Raw materials for glass:

Can be classified into four main categories:

The first category: it is a class of component materials and oxides Calceles fallow and phosphorus.

Category II: and is a class of adjuvants on the melting oxides of sodium and potassium.
The third category: the category of materials and are installed oxides of calcium and magnesium and aluminum, lead and zinc.
Category IV: and is a class of adjuvants and Alantamoan arsenic oxides and titanium, manganese, copper and chromium.
Types of glass:
1 - Vitrified silica
2 - Liquid Glass
3 - hydrogen-lime glass
4 - leaded glass
5 - Boro Silicate Glass
6 - Special Glass
And there are five types of special glass are:
1 - stained glass
2 - transparent glass
3 - safety glass
4 - glass fiber
5 - phosphate glass.
And raw materials adopted in the glass industry are:
Sand - soda - lime - feldspar - borax - breaker.
Glass chemical reactions are:
Na2CO3 + CaCO3 + 6SIO2 ® 2CO2 + Na2O.CaO.6SIO2
And ongoing interactions are:
1 - Na2CO3 + aSio2 ® Na2O. aSio2 + CO2
2 - CaCO3 + bSIO2 ® CaO.bsio2 + CO2
3 - Na2SO4 + aSIO2 + C ® Na2O.aSIO2 + SO2 + CO
Stages of the glass industry:
1 - Preparation of raw materials and raw materials:
Sand taken from the warehouse to the organs of Silicones to separate section for coarse and reducing the proportion of the iron moiety to deliver a candidate in the primary and then to a warehouse of raw materials ready. The carbonate reservoirs shall be taken from the initial to the crushers, which crush the transformation process after the harsh limestone dust.
2 - Weight of raw materials and mixed and fed oven:
The process usually weight for each subject individually so that the discharge in the huge complex to accommodate a full mix so they can be to make the process of mixing and blending the mixture on the entire block and then to go and on conveyor belts to the smelting furnace.
3 - Conducting the smelting process:
Has been the adoption of two types of furnaces in the glass industry are much furnaces and ovens tanks.
Raw materials are supplied continuously and in batches, including:
Sand 300 kg - 105 kg sodium carbonate - 45 kg class
2 kg arsenic trioxide. 30 kg sodium sulfate.
3 kg soft coal. 150 kg breaker. 15 kg of water.

 And after completion of fusion mixture begin the process of withdrawing the glass to begin the process of its formation according to what we want and according to the mixture flat glass or bottles.
4 - stage thing: after the formation of glass taken outputs of the new exposed to high temperatures and then to be cooled very slowly so as not to be subjected to any heat stress, and so be ready for operations the final polishing and sharpening and decoration to follow the process of decoration on this that are Bmtaba especially the Shi final lift of resistance to print materials.

Recycling glass save energy and conserve natural resources

The process of recycling glass, an important and useful; they are working on energy saving, and also conserve natural resources.
It is also the process of recycling glass, an important step for the environment, every bottle is sent to landfill sites, it takes approximately a million years until the break, while it takes less than 30 days, for recycling, and the result is obtained in the form of different and new.
The recycling process for glass and glass containers sustainable process; because the glass is one of the materials for recycling and the formation rate of 100%, which means that it is subject to restructuring over and over again, without losing any of its quality and purity.

The recycling of glass, an effective process, meaning that it is done by the explosive recovered from it, where is the work of different containers new module, made of 70% of recycled glass, and ends up to the new forms are different from the past, and the quality of the previous match.
This process helps in preserving natural resources, every ton of glass, the process of recycling, saving more than half a ton of raw materials needed to create new glass, and include 1.300 pounds of sand, and 410 pounds of soda ash, 380 pounds of limestone .

In addition, the Lhz practical role in providing energy; because the process of manufacturing new glass, require heat, sand and other components of its own, to the extent of up to 2.600 degrees Fahrenheit, which need to be a lot of energy until you reach it, and thus creates a polluted industrial considerably.
While the recycling of glass, the first operations is to create a product called Cullet, which is used to make recycled glass, in the sense that the raw material, and consumes about 40% less energy; because this material melts at a temperature less than the raw glass.

And return the process of recycling glass benefit; because the glass is made from natural materials such as sand and limestone, which contains a smaller quantity of chemicals that interact with the ocean Alkharahi.
As a result of these factors, the recycled glass is safe in the process of re-use, and the bottles that were re-use, fun for the purposes of decoration, sale, and the other in the tiles and the composition of landscapes on beaches and in the technical aspects.

And because the process of recycling glass is characterized by simplicity, the glass has become the raw materials, which are in demand and dramatically in the global market, and there is there any fears of re-use times, and at lower cost, and do not require individuals and institutions only collected in the places allocated to them.